Alternative photothermal/electrothermal hierarchical membrane for hypersaline water treatment

Over the last decades, treatment of large quantities hypersaline wastewater generated by conventional industries, inland desalination, and fossil-fueled power plants has been an important economic issue also inescapable green issue. Here, we developed a versatile interfacial heating membrane with alternating utilization electricity or solar energy for water treatment. This hierarchical functions both as separation interface heater, which can quickly (<0.1 s) convert into heat to evaporate outermost layer water. For 10 wt% water, freshwater production rate reach 16.8 kg/m2·h applying voltage V 1.36 under 1-sun illumination. Moreover, it exhibits high electrochemical resistance corrosion therefore remains stable tackling (>5 wt%), salt rejection 99.99%. system shows efficient desalination strategy that provide fresh from brines agriculture industry, even daily life.